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Grammatical article in English

The () is a grammatical article in English, denoting persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. Information technology is the definite commodity in English language. The is the about frequently used word in the English language; studies and analyses of texts have institute information technology to account for seven per centum of all printed English-language words.^[one] It is derived from gendered articles in Old English which combined in Middle English and now has a single form used with pronouns of whatsoever gender.^[a] The word can be used with both singular and plural nouns, and with a substantive that starts with any letter. This is different from many other languages, which take different forms of the definite article for different genders or numbers.

Pronunciation

In well-nigh dialects, "the" is pronounced every bit /ðə/ (with the voiced dental fricative /ð/ followed by a schwa) when followed by a consonant audio, and as /ðiː/ (homophone of pronoun thee) when followed by a vowel sound or used as an emphatic form.^[2]

Modern American and New Zealand English accept an increasing tendency to limit usage of /ðiː/ pronunciation and use /ðə/, even before a vowel.^{[iii] [4]}

Sometimes the give-and-take "the" is pronounced /ðiː/, with stress, to emphasise that something is unique: "he is the expert", non simply "an" expert in a field.

Adverbial

Definite article principles in English language are described under "Utilise of articles". The, as in phrases like "the more the better", has a distinct origin and etymology and past take chances has evolved to exist identical to the definite article.^[5]

Article

The and that are common developments from the same Old English arrangement. Quondam English had a definite article se (in the masculine gender), sēo (feminine), and þæt (neuter). In Eye English, these had all merged into þe, the ancestor of the Modern English word the.^[6]

Geographic usage

An area in which the apply or non-use of the is sometimes problematic is with geographic names:

• notable natural landmarks – rivers, seas, mountain ranges, deserts, island groups (archipelagoes) and and then on – are generally used with a "the" definite article (the Rhine, the North Sea, the Alps, the Sahara, the Hebrides).
• continents, individual islands, administrative units and settlements mostly do not take a "the" article (Europe, Jura, Austria (only the Republic of Austria), Scandinavia, Yorkshire (only the County of York), Madrid).
• beginning with a mutual noun followed past of may take the article, equally in the Island of Wight or the Isle of Portland (compare Christmas Island), same applies to names of institutions: Cambridge Academy, but the Academy of Cambridge.
• Some place names include an commodity, such as the Bronx, The Oaks, The Rock, The Birches, The Harrow, The Rower, The Swan, The Valley, The Farrington, The Quarter, The Plains, The Dalles, The Forks, The Hamlet, The Village (NJ), The Village (OK), The Villages, The Village at Castle Pines, The Woodlands, The Pas, the Vatican, The Hyde, the W Cease, the Eastward End, The Hague, or the Urban center of London (simply London). Formerly e.one thousand. Bath, Devizes or White Plains.^[7]
• generally described atypical names, the North Island (New Zealand) or the W Country (England), take an article.

Countries and territorial regions are notably mixed, most exclude "the" but there are some that adhere to secondary rules:

• derivations from commonage common nouns such as "kingdom", "democracy", "union", etc.: the Key African Republic, the Dominican Commonwealth, the United States, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, the United Arab Emirates, including most country full names:^{[8] [9]} the Czech Republic (just Czechia), the Russia (only Russia), the Principality of Monaco (but Monaco), the Land of State of israel (but Israel) and the Commonwealth of Commonwealth of australia (but Commonwealth of australia).^{[10] [11] [12]}
• countries in a plural noun: the netherlands, the Falkland Islands, the Faroe Islands, the Cayman Islands, the Philippines, the Union of the comoros, the Maldives, the Seychelles, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and The Bahamas.
• Singular derivations from "island" or "land" that hold authoritative rights – Greenland, England, Christmas Island and Norfolk Island – do not take a "the" definite article.
• derivations from mount ranges, rivers, deserts, etc., are sometimes used with an commodity, even for singular, (the Lebanon, the Sudan, the Yukon, the Congo).^[13] This usage is in decline, The Gambia remains recommended whereas use of the Argentine for Argentina is considered old-fashioned. Ukraine is occasionally referred to equally the Ukraine, a usage that was mutual during the 20th Century, possibly originating with Ukrainian immigrant scholars not fluent in English referring to the country every bit so.^[fourteen] Sudan (but the Commonwealth of the Sudan) and Due south Sudan (but the Republic of Due south Sudan) are written nowadays without the article.

Abbreviations

Since "the" is one of the most ofttimes used words in English, at various times short abbreviations for it have been found:

• Barred thorn: the earliest abbreviation, information technology is used in manuscripts in the Old English language. Information technology is the letter þ with a bold horizontal stroke through the ascender, and it represents the word þæt, meaning "the" or "that" (neuter nom. / acc.).
• þͤ and þͭ (þ with a superscript e or t) appear in Middle English language manuscripts for "þe" and "þat" respectively.
• yͤ and yͭ are developed from þͤ and þͭ and appear in Early Mod manuscripts and in print (see Ye form).

Occasional proposals have been made by individuals for an abbreviation. In 1916, Legros & Grant included in their classic printers' handbook Typographical Printing-Surfaces, a proposal for a alphabetic character like to Ħ to correspond "Th", thus abbreviating "the" to ħe.^[15]

In Centre English, the (þe) was frequently abbreviated equally a þ with a minor e above it, like to the abbreviation for that, which was a þ with a small t in a higher place it. During the latter Middle English and Early Modern English language periods, the letter thorn (þ) in its mutual script, or cursive grade, came to resemble a y shape. Equally a result, the use of a y with an e above it () as an abbreviation became common. This can still be seen in reprints of the 1611 edition of the King James Version of the Bible in places such as Romans fifteen:29, or in the Mayflower Compact. Historically, the article was never pronounced with a y sound, even when and then written.

The word "The" itself, capitalised, is used every bit an abbreviation in Democracy countries for the honorific championship "The Right Honourable", as in due east.g. "The Earl Mountbatten of Burma", short for "The Right Honourable Earl Mountbatten of Burma", or "The Prince Charles".^[16]

References

1. ^ Norvig, Peter. "English Letter Frequency Counts: Mayzner Revisited".
2. ^ "the – definition". Merriam Webster Online Dictionary.
3. ^ Ladefoged, Peter; Johnson, Keith (2010). A Course in Phonetics (6th ed.). Boston: Wadsworth. p. 110.
4. ^ Hay, Jennifer (2008). New Zealand English . Edinburgh: Edinburgh Academy Printing. p. 44.
5. ^ "the, adv.1." OED Online. Oxford Academy Printing, March 2016. Web. 11 March 2016.
6. ^ "The and That Etymologies". Online Etymology Dictionary . Retrieved 18 June 2015.
7. ^ "Why is it called The Hague?".
8. ^ "Countries: Designations and abbreviations to utilize".
9. ^ "FAO State Profiles". world wide web.fao.org.
10. ^ "Using 'the' with the Names of Countries".
11. ^ "List of Countries, Territories and Currencies".
12. ^ "UNGEGN World Geographical Names".
13. ^ Swan, Michael How English language Works, p. 25
14. ^ Ukraine or "the Ukraine"? by Andrew Gregorovich, infoukes.com
15. ^ "Missed Opportunity for Ligatures".
16. ^ 'The Prefix "The"'. In Titles and Forms of Address, 21st ed., pp. eight–nine. A & C Black, London, 2002.

Notes

1. ^ masculine, feminine, or neuter.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The

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